福建土楼是世界独一无二的山区大型夯土民居，始于宋、元，成熟于明、清。福建土楼依山就势，适应聚居的生活和共御外敌的要求，是中国传统民居的瑰宝。若依形状，可分为圆楼、方楼、五凤楼。土楼并非客家人独有，也有闽南人居住在土楼。2008年有四十六处的福建土楼被正式列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产，包括这里要介绍的二宜楼。
我们2013年的福建寻根之旅，参观了华安县仙都镇大地村的两座土楼：二宜楼和南阳楼。
二宜楼是圆土楼的杰出代表，被誉为“圆土楼之王”。建于清乾隆时期，公元1740年至1770年。为一位蒋士熊所建，占地面积9300平方米，外径73.4米。整座楼为双环圆形土楼，内环单层，外环四层、高十六米，一至三层不开窗，四层只开小窗洞，且密布枪眼。楼外环外墙厚达二点五三米，底层用花岗岩石砌成，二层起用生土夯筑，墙体牢固坚实。分成十六单元，共有房间两百十三间。底层设厨房、餐室与客厅，一至三层为卧室、仓库，四层为自家祖堂，各有楼梯上下。大楼中心是公共场所的大内院。二宜楼文化内涵丰富，存有多副壁画、彩绘、木雕，楹联等，为福建众多土楼中之最。土楼保存完好，我们参观时还有三十多户，两百多人居住。
第三张照片是从第四层拍的半景。第四张照片所示是的大内院的水井。第七、八张是祠堂，梁柱精制，木雕彩绘。
我们也参观了二宜楼附近的南阳楼，是座小型的二宜楼，是二宜楼第一任楼主蒋士熊之孙所建。第九张照片所示是内楼的走廊，第十张是庙堂。
Fujian Tulou is a unique large-scale compact earth residential construction in mountainous areas in China. It first appeared in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are found mostly in Fujian province and occupied by the Hakka people. Tulou is a gem of traditional Chinese dwellings, adapting to the life of community living and the security requirements to fight against foreign invaders. It could be round, square, or in other shapes. In 2008, forty-six Fujian Tulou were officially listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, including the Eryilou to be introduced here.
We visited two tulous in Dadi Village in Fujian in 2013: Eryilou and Nanyanglou.
Eryilou is an outstanding representative of the round tulou and is known as the "king of round tulou". It was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, from 1740 to 1770. It covers an area of 9,300 sq m with an outer diameter of 73.4 m. It is a double-ring circular earth building with a single-story inner ring, and 4 floors on the outer ring. The total height is 16 m.
For security there are no windows on the outside wall from the 1st to 3rd floors, and only small windows on the fourth floor, to be used to fire arrows or rifles. The outer wall of the outer ring is 2.53 meters thick. The bottom layer is made of granite stone, and upper layers with compact earth. The wall is thus firm and solid.
It is divided into 16 units, with a total of 213 rooms. There are kitchens, dining rooms and living rooms on the ground floor, bedrooms and warehouses on the 1st to 3rd floors, and the ancestral hall on the fourth floor, each with individual sets of stairs. The center is a large inner courtyard as a public place.
The earth building is well preserved. There were more than 30 households with more than 200 people living there at our time of visit. Cultural elements noted are murals, paintings, wood carvings, old couplets, etc. The 7th and 8th photos show the main ancestral hall, beautifully decorated in tradition.
We also visited Nanyanglou located nearby, the last 2 photos. It is a small version of Eryilou and built by a grandson of the first owner of Eryilou.
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